LIKELY LIMITS OF THE SIMPLEST RELATIONS AND
OBSERVATIONS
If the most minimum rate of acceleration
amin
is expressed by the constant G - that is fixed with masses M of one kilo where
are attracted with force F when are found in distance 1m - then this rate
amin
in combination with the known limit of superior speed c us helps we advance in
certain first calculations about the likely limits of the Universe. With the simplest conjecture
that is based on two universal constants (c and G) finds following potential sizes
of time and length (length of radius, diameter or perimetric) :
(The supposal of
accelerating mass 1kg with a
force 6,6725 × 10-11 N and with a limit in the superior speed
c was the initial thought from that began this effort to expressed with terms of physics the rational interpretation of the Universe as completed
and constant on contrary to individual / material things).
WE SUPPOSE that a force F size 6,6725 ×10-11 Ν
accelerate a body mass =1kg
1N =1kgr • m/sec2
1ly = 9,46073 ×1015 m
1 Mpc = 106 pc
≈ 3,2615 ×106 ly x 9,46073 ×1015 m ≈
30,856170 × 1021 m
The acceleration is result general from the formula
a = F/m
a =F/M → a = 6,6725 ×10-11 Ν /1kg = 6,6725 × 10-11 m /sec2
In how much time T the speed of mass
M =1kg
will become equal with the speed of light c, when it begins from null speed, that is to
say in how much time it will become Vm=c ?
Law of the speed :
V=a t
a=V / t → t = V / a
If V=c then Tm
= 2,9979245 × 108 m/sec / 6,6725 ×10-11 m/sec2 =
4,49295 ×1018 sec
= c/G
A body M=1kg and acceleration
a=6,6725 ×10-11 m/s2 takes
the speed c in time interval T=4,49295 ×1018 sec, in other units 142,372994125 ×109 years. In this time interval T how much
distance S in linear motion (straigh line) body can have covered ? This we find from
the law of distance : S=1/2 a t2
Sm = 1/2 × am × tm2 →
(Distance S of mass m = 1kg)
Sm = 1/2 × (6,6725 ×10-11 m/sec2 ) ×
(4,49295 ×1018 sec)2 =
6,73475432 ×1026 m
1pc (parsec)= 3,086333 ×1016
m
6,73475432 ×1026 m / 3,086333 ×1016
= 21,821216 ×109 pc
Also, if we multiply time T= 4,49295 ×1018 sec by the meters where light
moved per sec, then we find the meters where light will have moved in
this number T, with its regular speed from start. In time 4,49295 ×1018 sec
of a body 1kg, light will have moved twofold distance Slight :
S light= (4,49295 ×1018 sec) × (2,997924 ×108 m/sec)= 1,346952 ×1027 m
= c2/G
IN PARSEC:
1,346952 × 1027 m / 3,086333 × 1016
= 4,36424 × 1010 pc
Finally, in time Τ=4,49295 ×1018 sec
where the body M=1kg is need to arrives in speed of light c with acceleration a= 6,6725 ×10-11 m/sec2
, light in same time do double distance S Universe (
6,73475432 ×1026 m × 2 )= 1,346952 ×1027 m (Theorem Merton on the speed until a limit
in the increase).
Dividing time
T = Vc /
amin =
4,49295 ×1018 sec
by 2π
we find :
T / 2π = 4,49295 ×1018
sec / 6,2831852 = 7,150752 ×1017 sec
(7,150752 ×1017 sec) × (31,68808781 ×10-9 ) = 2,2659365 ×1010 =
22,659365 ×109 years
1 earthly year ≈ 31,5576 × 106
sec | 1sec = 31,688087 × 10-9
year
|
We supposed that a mass 1kg is accelerated with
regularly applied the force that results from the constant G of gravity. Actually, the free
space is not neither level neither absolutely empty.
|
SAMPLES
ΤUniverse =
4,492955 ×1018 sec
SUniverse =
6,734769 ×1026 m
= 2,1823619 ×104 Mpc
(1st scenario)
SUniverse =
1,346954 ×1027 m =
4,364724 ×104 Mpc
(2d scenario)
SUniverse
= 6,734769 ×1026 m / 2π =
1,07187183 ×1026 m
= 3,473337 ×103 Mpc (3d scenario)
SUniverse
= 1,346954 ×1027 m / 2π =
2,14374297 ×1026 m =
6,946674 ×103 Mpc (4d scenario)
Do not lose the continuity !
CONCISE TABLE OF SAMPLES ABOUT
MAX LENGTH S
and TIME T OF UNIVERSE
Slight
Universe =
1,346954 ×1027 m = c2
/ G |
T
Universe =
4,492954
×1018 sec
= c / G
|
Smass
Universe = 6,73477 ×1026 m
|
4,492954 ×1018 sec
= 142,37312 ×109 years
|
|
|
R Universe = 2,14374 ×1026 m |
T
Universe / 2π = 7,150758 × 1017 |
S Universe /
2 = 6,73477 ×1026 m |
T
Universe × 2 = 8,985908 ×1018 |
c2
/ S Universe = 6,6725 × 10-11 =G |
T
Universe × π = 1,41150 ×1019 |
|
|
S Universe2
= 1,814285 × 1054 |
T Universe2
= 2,01866 × 1037 |
1 / S Universe =
0,7424158 × 10-27 =G/c2
|
1 / T
Universe = 2,225709 × 10-19
=G/c |
|
|
|
S Universe /
T Universe = 2,997925 × 108 =c |
R Universe2
= 4,59562 × 1052 |
1/ R Universe =
4,66474479 × 10-27 |
D Universe2
= 1,838257 × 1053 |
1/ D Universe =
2,33237 × 10-27 |
|
|
For Smass
Universe = 6,73477 ×1026 m
Length of arc per degree =
1,87076 ×1024 m |
For Slight
Universe = 1,346954 ×1027 m
Length of arc per degree =
3,74153 ×1024 m |
|
|
|
THE CONSTANT Ηubble IN KILOMETERS AND PERIOD
H ≈
70,1 km/sec /Mpc =
70,1 km/sec / 3,086 ×1019 km
T = S / V = 1/f → PERIOD
ΤH =
3,086 ×1019 / 70,1 =
4,402282 ×1017 sec
LENGTH SHUBBLE if the case 70,1km
according to the formula : c / f = c × T = λ →
c T
= 2,997924 ×108 ×
4,402282 ×1017
= 1,31977 ×1026 m
LENGTH SHUBBLE
if the speed is 50km (rounded) :
c T
= 2,997924 ×108 × 6,1720 ×1017 =
1,850319 ×1026 m
• (Time TH again near in
the result
Tuni =
c/G = 4,49295 ×1018 sec)
1pc =3,086 × 1016
m - 1 Mpc = 3,086 × 1022 m = 3,086 ×1019 km - 1year (y) = 31,5576 ×106
sec
1light year (ly) = 9,460730 ×1015 m |
Attention! Translational errors
are exist
* Attention to the decimal point. This is a different mark for many countries.
Some thoughts of the investigation for mathematic formulation of the physical
interpretation (of a complete Universe that appeared as free space). The aim was to become comprehensible: 1) The direct relation of
Hubble's constant (H) to the
(balanced) energy of the " free " and finite space. 2) The close relation of Hubble's constant with the limit of a longest distance of
the free space and 3)
therefore the
close relation of Hubble's constant to the structure of matter (since explanation, that matter is created with oscillations of
balanced energy of the free space).
Hubble's
Law :
V=H d (the rate of "expansion")
The relative speed
of removal between of two galaxies (because the phenomenon about so-called expansion of the free space) is proportional with distance
d. The rate of removal initially had been found with higher speed and is calculated
near: Hubble constant =70,1km/sec/ per 1Mpc. In certain theories it forecasted that this value of speed was not always constant and it
is changed in time.
The constant Η=
70,1 km / sec / Mpc
(In each 1Mpc distance away, the speed is
increased 70,1Km/sec)
1 Mpc= 106
pc,
1pc= 3,2615 ly = 3,0856778 ×1016
m
1 Mpc = 3,086 ×1016 × 106
= 3,086 × 1022 m
If the maximum speed of removal
is fixed in 299792 km/sec (v = c) then finds as largest distance dmax :
d =c /H
→
dmax = (2,99792
×105
km/s) / 70,1 = 4,276633 ×103
Mpc =
4,276633 ×109 pc →
4,276633
× 109
pc × 3,2615 ly = 13,9482
×109
ly
13,9482 × 109
× 9,46073 × 1015 m = 1,31960518 ×1026
m
4,276633
× 109
pc × 3,086 ×1016
m = 1,319768 ×1026 m
Conversely:
Hubble = c
/ dmax → c
/ 4,276633 ×103
= 70,1km/sec / Mpc
• If the speed
of removal is not same for the every Mpc distance, however always the
limit for the maximum speed (c) exist and then a maximum distance dmax
H = V / dMpc = c
/ dmax
If the speed V for every Mpc
is change, then we observe in second relation that only
the average distance d will vary.
► From the relation T = S / V = 1/f
we find a time interval. The distance in kilometers is for each
Mpc =
3,086 ×1019
km. The speed
of removal... 70,1 km
for each
Mpc away →
ΤH =
3,086 ×1019 / 70,1 = 4,402282 ×1017 sec
The same time interval T we find
from the relation
T= Smax/Vmax →
ΤH
= 1,3197 ×1026
/ 2,99792 ×108
= 4,40205 ×1017
sec
In this time interval Τ =
4,40205 ×1017
sec the removal Smax
is the maximum with maximum speed c
We observe the relation :
S1Mpc
/ VHubble
= Smax
/ Vmax
= T |
If dmax = Smax
The speed V=70,1
km/sec is result from relation V=
S/T →
VH
=
3,086 ×1019
/ 4,402282
×1017 = 70,1 km/sec
While, if we take the maximum
length Smax then we find the maximum speed c :
V=
S/T →
VH
= 1,3197 ×1026
/ 4,402282 ×1017
= c
► We find a
time interval 4,492954
×1018 sec
in which a mass m=1kg needs until comes to in speed of light c with acceleration a= 6,6725 ×10-11 m/sec2
and in distance S=1,346954 ×1027 m
for light
(or S=0,673477 ×1027
m = 2,182362 ×104
Mpc for the 1kg mass).
What speed of removal do we find for this
mass per 1Mpc away ?
V =
3,086 ×1019
/ 4,492954
×1018 =
6,8685 km/sec
That is to say, if the
Hubble's constant ≈ 6,8685 km/sec /Mpc
then
we find the known maximum distance :
dmax =c /H = 4,364744
×104 Mpc =
1,34696 ×1027 m (= c2
/ amin
)
We observe the relation :
c / VHubble
in m/s = dmax
in meters/
3,086 ×1022
or c /
VHubble
in km = dH
in Mpc/
1Mpc |
►
The
acceleration / deceleration ±a
= 6,6725 ×10-11
m/s2
with which mass 1kg reached at the speed of light c or it
was decreased by this speed, we can find from following relation :
c VH /
1Mparsec → (2,99792
×105
km/s)
(6,8685
km/s) /
3,086 ×1019
= 6,6725 ×10-14
km/s2
c VH /
1Mparsec → (2,99792
×108 m/s)
(6,8685
×103 m/s) / 3,086 ×1022
= 6,6725 ×10-11 m/s2
From the
speed of Hubble's
constant =
70,1 km/sec we find :
c VH /
1Mparsec → (2,99792
×108 m/s)
(7,01
×104 m/s) / 3,086 ×1022
= 6,80993 ×10-10
m/s2
We observe the relation :
C
VHubble
/ S1Mpc
= Vmax
Vmax
/ Smax
=
a |
Vmax = C
HUBBLE'S
CONSTANT 70,1 km/sec / Mpc
with limit of the speed c
|
THE HUBBLE'S CONSTANT
AS IT WOULD BE
6,8685 km/sec / Mpc
|
|
|
Time interval Τ= 4,402282 ×1017 sec |
Time interval Τ= 4,492954 ×1018 sec |
Maximum length S= 4,276633 ×103 Mpc = 1,319768 ×1026
m |
Maximum length S= 4,36424 ×104 Mpc = 1,34696
×1027 m |
Pace of change ±a = 6,80993 ×10-10
m/s2 |
Pace of change ±a = 6,6725 ×10-11
m/s2 |
|
|
► I will place in your mind something above of an astonishing idea, an explosive research: The Hubble's constant says to us about a speed V increased in each 1 Mpc distance away. What
speed results for distance away 1m only? It needs a simple transformation in
the units.
VH
= c 1m / dmax →
VH
= 2,997924
×108 ×1m /
1,319768 ×1026
= 2,271553
×10-18
(m/s) /m = 1 /
ΤH
Hubble = V / d3,086e22
= c / dmax
σε μέτρα
where
V= 7,01 ×104
m/s
We find like a speed the inverse
of the maximum time 1/Τ=V/S that we find from the relation :
T = S1Mpc
/ VHubble
= Smax / Vmax = 3,086
×1019 / 70,1
What speed results for distance 1 m away, when we insert the maximum distance, in according
to the script about the accelerating mass of the 1 kg ?
VH
= c 1m / dmax →
2,997924
×108 / 1,34696 ×1027
= 2,225696 ×10-19
(m/s)
/m = 1 / Τuni
Hubble = c / dmax
in meters = V / d3,086e22
where
V= 6,87 ×103
m/s
We find like a speed the
inverse of the maximum time 1/Τ=V/S that we find from the relation :
T = S1Mpc
/ VH
= Smax / Vmax = 3,086
×1019 / 6,8685
= 4,492975
×1018
= c / amin
<•> That is
to say, we find that the Hubble's speed is the reverse of a maximum time interval in which the maximum removal is realised.
In shorter distances are correspond less speeds, that
they are subdivisions of the reverse of the Universe's
"age".
VH = c d / dmax = d /
TH
For d = dmax the speed approaches
V= c
For d = dmin the speed approaches
V= Vmin
Because this speed is speed per length Mpc, if
we erase mathematically the units of length, then it remains
a frequency V/Mpc
= f. This speed per longer distance gives frequency that
is very lower and would is better to we speak reversely
about a time interval. But, if we calculate this
speed per shortest distance, then the frequency is
higher. However, the speed that we calculate it varied
in reference with a distance, this is always the maximum
speed for all bodies, because all bodies are founded in
a maximum distance in reference with another point after
a longer distance. Therefore, a speed between the bodies or
a frequency for fluctuations on the free space, that is
varied after a distance? An expansion of free space or wave change of
the free space, where after the longer distance, the
length of waves appears increased?
Attention! Many translational errors
are exist.
1st
PUBLICATION
www.kosmologia.gr ©2009-10
ISBN 978-960-93-2431-1 |
|
► What speed come out for distance away per radius (calculated with
electron charge) approximately
re
= 0,2817936 ×10-14
m if the Hubble speed = 2,225696 ×10-19
(m/sec) /m ?
2,225696 ×10-19
m/sec per 1 m
How speed V per length re
?
V →
2,225696 ×10-19
× 0,2817936 ×10-14
/ 1m = 6,271868 ×10-34
m/sec
While for the
speed of constant
Hubble = 2,271553 ×10-18
(m/sec) /m = 70,1 km / Mpc
V
→ 2,271553 ×10-18
× 0,2817936 ×10-14
/ 1m = 6,40109 ×10-33
m/sec
Close to constant h =
6,62606 ×10-34
What speed come out for
distance away per Compton's length of electron λ=2,4263 ×10-12
m if the Hubble speed = 2,225696 ×10-19
(m/sec) /m ?
2,225696 ×10-19
m/sec per 1 m
How speed V per
length λe ?
V
→ 2,225696 ×10-19
× 2,4263 ×10-12
/ 1m = 5,4002 ×10-31 m/sec
→
V=λe
/ Tuni
Very
near to mass of electron, after Me
/ 5,4002 ×10-31
= 1,686859
With this speed is result, moreover: For
electron's period Te = 0,80933 ×10-20
sec
5,4002 ×10-31
/ Te = 5,4002 ×10-31
/ 0,80933 ×10-20
= 6,6725 ×10-11 m/sec2
= G
From all previous relations, we observe a small coincidence at least.
The maximum distance in to free space (4,276633 ×109 pc), as it results with the Hubble's constant (which emanated
from the observation of many distant galaxies, with the newer technical tools and methods and from the analysis of red shift of light),
approaches suspectly the maximum distance that results (with the simpler and initial intellectual experiment) from the
acceleration of gravity with mass 1kg (2,1821216 ×1010 pc). However the rate for the " removal " of galaxies is considered
constant. For each 1Mpc distance, the speed increases with the same quantity ≈70,1km or similar speed.
Also we observe, that time t (4,49295 ×1018 sec ≈14,237312
×1010 years) that hypothetically the mass m of 1kg needs to take the speed of light c does not appear
irrelevant than the so-called age of the Universe. It could be an irrelevant number. With few numerical subterfuges it can are revealed
relations with other known formulas of physics.
From the first observations on motion in the finite free space (with a
limit in the maximum length of removal and divergence from the straight line motion) and from the analysis of Hubble's constant, we
approached in a mathematic solution in question, on the relation between of a finite space with matter and with
electromagnetic phenomena, but the answer was not completed. The tight relation between the free space with matter has resulted
theoretically from the philosophical interpretation of a Complete and simultaneous Universe. This relation is obligatory,
not because thus we like it, but because only with this close relation (between structure of matter and change in the balanced energy of
finite space) a multitude of phenomena are interpreted and revealed their relations and relations of phenomena that had not been
observed in our
experience and many of known phenomena are confirmed, without conflict with experience. Because the close relation between matter and finite space was known and indubitable in me, through the physical interpretation that I have formulated longly-lasting,
with this view I thought easily the above intellectual experiment. Immediately I suspected such a relation about the constant of Hubble
with change in the balanced energy of the finite space in its microscopic dimensions. Therefore a close relation with the electromagnetic phenomena and
with the structure of matter.
From the first reasonable questions, which are remain unanswered up to here they are: The increase of
speed (of removal) does equalized to the speed of light c with the increase of distance? Is this speed superior? What can exist when we
observe in the maximum distance of free space? How could replace the speed of space expansion with changes at frequency due to another
phenomenon, which is related to the wave structure of space?
The phenomenon about motion of a material body and speed of a body also
a small child can perceives. When however, we describe the phenomenon of motion or its change without a concrete
material thing exists, the term of "speed" possibly is not best-aimed term. Still vaguer it is, when we handle the term "speed" in order
to we describe a phenomenon of removal between galaxies that happens without their own motion in to space, but with the inflation of
space, with a gullible view about the space, as if the space was a material body with dimensions, as in the case of a bubble. We would
wait from a scientist to thinks more intelligently and suspects - at least - the phenomenon of a wave change and the measurement of
motion with the term of "frequency" and not the "speed". A phenomenon which we know well that exists in substructure of the nature,
without some concrete material body, and we call it "electromagnetic phenomenon".
A most of unforeseen and important observations in the course of
mathematic investigation in here, it is the possibility with the simplest numerical calculations and beginning from three physical
constants (c, G, h) are result numbers, that are involved in the microscopic structure of matter. With the same constants come out
numbers that they describe astronomical traits of the physical world. With common formulas of physics (even wrongly) and using sizes and
relations of world in its biggest dimensions, we can to calculate sizes and relations of subatomic world, in microscopic dimensions and
reversely. With the same initial numbers, with which we calculate invisible small quantities and their relations, with same numbers we
can to " construct " our visible Universe in theory! The reverse of certain large numbers (for example a longest time ≈1019
sec, and largest length ≈1027 m) with these themselves are presented quantities, that we meet in the structure of matter and
are not irrelevant numbers. Particularly, when in the calculations used the known physical constants, in order to we find quantities and
sizes about the limits of the Universe, then from mathematical view it is obvious, that the quantities and sizes which we will find,
they should to be connected with the quantities and sizes, which we find when we use the same physical constants for calculations
about microscopic world. The numerical relations and formulas that need for the description of world with biggest dimensions, same
they need for the description of changes and motions in microscopic dimensions. Naturally, this possibility confirms the theoretical
ascertainment, according to which the theory for a Completed Time or Universe it imports in general and theoretically the necessary
relation and coexistence between a minimal limit with a maximum limit, also imports a relation for the stability of limits (of time,
length, speed, energy) at their change.
In the physical explanation of a complete Universe already we have
concluded the connection between of material carriers with the existence of simultaneous quantity of energy, which is presented with the
form of " empty " but finite space. Already we have concluded the relation of nuclear force with the dynamic connection that the
material things have in the minimal distance of the finite space and immediately with the total energy of the completed Universe. Already we
have comprehended how the completed Universe is permanently present and participates in the presence of individual things, even in most
microscopic dimensions. The research in microscopic dimensions is research about the limits of the Universe. The existence of limits in
the Universe and in certain physical activities would not be revealed by the research in microscopic dimensions, if the limits did not
exist. They are exist limits in the Universe such as roughly we have determined them and for this reason, we have the advantage we
detect limits from observations in the most microscopic processes and not only if we travel in space.
CORRECTIONS
AND INVESTIGATION WILL BE CONTINUED...
Now, it is not privilege of few leading physicists to think about the Universe and its limits
with terms of Science and with language of numbers. Whoever can thinks and searches theoretically with knowledge of medium education! Because the Universe has constant min and max
limits... forever and everywhere. |
MASS
AND ENERGY: TWO SIDE
OF VELOCITY IN THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY AND
THE SPEED >>>►
|
|