COMPLETE UNIVERSE - DYNAMIC SPACE - WAVE PHENOMENA

Energy exchanges and oscillations (hf) at extremely high rates, which are inappropriately called "particles"

• We have the theoretical supply to calculate a change in inertia / mass with a limit on its increase and in proportion to the change at a velocity (according to the correlation C / V = Mmax / M). This mathematical relation is the natural law that determines the mass of parti­cles. With this relation, we achieve the calculations, by which the quantities of energy are revealed as particles of the material world with the trait of in­ertia. (34.0, σ526, Karamiha's equation)
  

• A "particle" of certain mass can be calculated theoretically for every speed Vg that results from the formula √(GM/r). So, reversely, a certain speed Vg can be calculated for every particle. This speed is the maximum c for a particle with Plank's mass Mpl =√(h c /G) = 5.45624 ×10e-8 kg. That is to say c/v = Mpl/m. This is under the condition that we insert the Compton's length for Planck's Energy λ=h/Μpl c and not the radius r in the denominator of the formula GM/r that is in effect for large masses (celestial bodies). (15.2, σ217)
  

• The question of how much a body can be divided and how many particles can exist and with what characteristics is not the most important for cosmological research. It is more interesting to explain how the particles of known matter are produced exactly by the fluctuations of a common amount of energy and by what effects these fluctuations are stabilized and ultimately form the structural elements. (11.0, σ179-180)
  

• We will observe, that each of the quantities of energy, frequency, length, speed can be changed into another and can finally be changed into kilograms (kg) and be expressed by the term of " mass ". In the structure of the matter however, not so great variety of particles is not found for the creation of mass. On the contrary, there are changes from which a smaller number of particles than the theoretically possible ones result, (which have a more localized presence). Very few from these particles, such as the electron and nucleons are presented to be most decisive, regular and special for the existence of matter. One of the first questions that arise in the human mind is to find the cause and the conditions under which these minimal particles with these attributes and not other particles of the many possible of our theoretical calculations exist. What does differentiate the energy hf comparatively to the energy of hf mass and to what is the presence of constant particles with the particular frequencies and masses owed? (15.1, σ215)

• If the visible light has a speed almost equal to c and it is minimally reduced according to our calculations, then what natural phenomenon has exactly the maximum speed c? When we see the correlation amongst the inertia, the velocity (c/v=Mpl/M) and the maximum mass limit of three physical constants (hc/G) in the beginning, we do not realize, that this simple correlation gives quantities which have actually been measured for the particles in the structure of matter. (16.1, σ249)

• 17.1. In the subatomic structure, the particles are not clearly separate bodies
  From the first considerations we have deduced the need to explain the particles as fluctuations of a quantity and not as solid and separate com­ponents. Subatomic particles are detected at moments of collision with the matter of instruments and at moments they interact. They are not collected as static pieces. No one sees them and no one touches them. The calculation of their mass is indirectly realized by the changes that are caused on the in­struments and the targets that are stricken. The mass of an electron or parti­cle has not been measured by a simple comparison. Also, the particles exist only as long as they interact with each other and with materials. Because these are in fact amounts of energy that fluctuate and ridges of waves rather than compact beads. But as these waves stumble upon material things, they are dissolved and transfer amounts of energy (quanta) at a fast or slower rate. And then, these amounts of energy, which are transferred and absorbed (by the material things) are called "particles". Because hf energy and its transference is quantum (amounts in a certain proportion), this does not mean that these separate amounts exist as separate particles in nature. (17.1, σ260)
  

• Still some physicists think of the structure of matter according to Newton's perception and as if it had been purely created by mechanical motions. Mass is an obvious amount when it can be measured in bodies composed of many atoms. To measure the mass, we must have clearly the limits of a body in a certain position and clearly the force which is applied and causes the acceleration of the body. Thus the concept of mass originated from this. But the particles are neither clearly separate bodies, nor are they immobile in a position in the subatomic structure. In addition, indeterminate forces are applied to particles that do not have a fixed position. It is not clearly defined where and how the force is applied. Since the particles are not solid and immobile like the visible things and they do not have a rest mass, the first conclusion ensues logically, that the particles have a speed besides mass. If their mass is inseparable from movement and if the particles are not kept motionless, then the measurement units of their mass cannot be clear. By the first calculations according to a maximum energy hf, as it results of the mass given by the three physical constants √(hc/G), we find that some sizes of different phenomena approach with astonishing accuracy. (17.1, σ260)
  

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