The most likely limits of the universe according to the rational interpretation of matter as oscillations of a shared energy quantity existing
as dynamic space. The limits of physical sizes.
World originality and unification of the microcosm with the astronomical world! The sizes of the astronomical world are calculated in relation
to the sizes of the microcosm.
Design your own universe and explore it! We have the first proportions and conclusions that explain the physical processes and provide us, so as to
explain the processes with higher accuracy and in full agreement with the observations in nature or the laboratory. Probably,
important findings of physics and astronomy will follow with more complex calculations and by linking these simple functions and
equations to the rest of physics. But more important was to find these first and more simple relationships and the rational
explanation of the natural processes that turned attention to such a quest, even with the most ridiculous mistakes that may be
found in this huge multi-theory. We will see how tiny sizes agree and work with astronomical sizes in simple calculations. You
will literally find out what matter says in space and how the space responds to matter, without misunderstanding!
Read the lesson 155
and next
Certain conclusions and the physical processes which we have explained equip us for calculations of astronomical limits (in summary)
• A mathematical equivalence formulated by another writer (V. Karamicha) and is as follows:
Mpl/M = c/v where Mpl = √(h·c/G) and v = M·c/Mpl = √(G·M/λ) where λ = h/M·c.
A scale of inertia was established according to this above correspondence between inertia and velocity:
Mpl= √(h·c/G)= 5.45624·10^-8 kg
Mmin= h·1Hz/c^2 = 0.73725·10^-50 kg
* Further investigation revealed that the velocity v = M·c/Mpl = √(G·M/λ) is a velocity subtracted from
the maximum c. An elementary inertia is attributed even for light, and also this inertia corresponds to an extremely subtle decrease in maximum
velocity. The minimum and maximum limits of sizes were tested to be associated with microscopic processes, and the calculations verified that matter
maintains its structure with just such limits, even if the numbers do not seem to fit the common experience of the physical world. The two extremes
on the theoretical scale of energy (×10^-34 - ×10^8 J) and the corresponding force (×10^-42 - ×10^44 N) are not seen within the structure of an
atom, but we observe and measure the average values of these two invisible limits. Only certain quantities of energy around the mean values appear
as fundamental particles in the structure of matter. The fundamental particles of matter are a small part of this very rapid process where a shared
quantity varies according to minimum and maximum values. Small amounts of energy around the mean values of the quantities in an extremely fast
process of energy oscillations appear localized as particles of equivalent mass.
• The average values were calculated and it was immediately apparent that the fundamental particles of
matter are extremely fine deviations:
M0 = √(Mmin·Mpl) = h·f0 / c^2 = 2.0056443 ×10^-29 kg
E0≈1.802582 ×10^-12 J, M0≈2.00564 ×10^-29 kg, F0=√(Fmin·Fpl)≈16.3574 N
Average rate of fluctuation ≈ ×10^21 Hz
M0 / Me = 22.01738 (ratio to the rest mass of the electron)
Mp / M0 = 83.39569 (ratio to the proton rest mass)
• The following relationships were implemented and investigated:
-V= √(G·M/λ) = M·c/Mpl = f·λpl = h/Mpl·λ
Mpl·c·V = -V·16.3574 = E = h·f (energy)
V0 = √(Vmin·c)= √(G·M0 /λ0)= M0·c/Mpl=h/Mpl·λ0 = 1.1019978 ×10^-13 m/s
Vmin = 0.40508·10^-34 m/s
• We have achieved unification by explaining the concentration of matter with an increased delay in the process of rebalancing
the shared amount of energy, which occurs in wavelike phenomena and at extremely fast rates. We calculated an average delay of 3.6758700 ×10^-22 s
per quantity h·1HZ after first rationally conjecturing such a delay also for matter as a phenomenon with the reduction of the maximum speed c in
microscopic processes, from wave and ultrafast changes. Now, we can and do calculate astronomical magnitudes consistent with the atomic mass limits
√(Mmin·Mpl)= √(Mmin·√(h·c/G)). Microscopic quantities are revealed in conjunction with astronomical magnitudes. Cosmology without this rational and
mathematical connection of limits was blind. We have achieved a mathematical unification of the microcosm with the macrocosm because we first
achieved the rational explanation of the structure of matter as irreducible oscillations of energy in a shared and balanced quantity, seen as space
and by forces at a distance. The microcosm exists with processes of the shorter delays and we have unified it with the world of the slower delays
(that is, the macrocosm in space).
• The concentration of matter in astronomical space is the removal and decentralization of energy from the shared quantity. A
volume of free space is reserved and proportioned for each amount of concentrated matter. The mass M from the concentration of energy in a body is
proportional to a radius -R of a volume of space from which the energy is bound, transferred and concentrated at maximum speed c. We have introduced
the binding or gathering radius -R for the space gathered in astronomical bodies, and the 3D volume of this radius is proportional to energy giving
the gathered mass. This radius seems to agree with the limit of the average intensity value for g of the gravitational field of the bodies (a0) and
is:
-R^2 = G·M/a0 = g·R^2/a0 → -R=√(G·M/a0) → -M = -R^2·a0/G
• The astronomical constant H is indeed associated with an average velocity rate (6.809946 ×10^-10 m/s^2) and approaches
certain rates we calculated from atomic quantities. This velocity rate according to the constant H is close to velocity rates (6.6725 ×10^-11
m/s^2 and V0=1.1019978 ×10^-13 m/s^2) which we calculated based on the older physical constants (c,h,G) and always according to the min-max limits
which we introduced in the variation of the atomic sizes. This rate gives a low velocity at a microscopic distance around the mean length
λ0=1.101998 ×10^-13 m and approaches the minimum velocity limit -Vmin ≈ 10^-34 m/s according to the atomic limits (min - max ) that have been
introduced.
H = 70.1 km/s /3.086 ×10^19 km = 2.271553 ×10^-18 (m/s) /m)
V(g) = 6.868530 km/s / 3.086 ×10^19 km = 2.225706 ×10^-19 (m/s) /m
V(H) / V(G) = 10.206
The rate of increase 6.809946 ×10^-10 m/s^2 = 70.1 km/s /t of Mpc
The acceleration rate from gravitational force 6.6725 ×10^-11 m/s^2 = 6.868530 km/s /t of Mpc
• Investigated if the relationship V=√(G·M/-R)] is related to the "expansion" velocity H·D / 1Mpc = c·D / Dmax.
We have found that the following relations approximate the velocity from the constant H and are investigating them:
Vg =√{(G·M/-R)·(-R·V0/c)} = √{V^2·(-R·V0/c)} = √{V^2·-R/2,7204446 ×10^21} = a0·-R/√c = (√c)·-R·V0/c.
Vg =√{V^2 ·(-R·V0/c)} /√c = √{V^2 ·(-R·V0/c^2)} = √(G·M/-R)·√ (-R·V0/c^2)= √(G·M·V0/c^2) = G·M/-R·c = a0·-R/c.
Vg =√(a0·-R^2/Rmax) for a0=1.101998 ×10^-13 m/s^2
• The equation √(h·fpl^2 ·c / G) coincides with the equations h·fpl^2 / c^2 = h·f0^2 / V0^2 = Mmin·fpl / Tpl = c^2 ·c / G and
theoretically gives a maximum mass M(1ls) for radius 1ls.
We can and do calculate astronomical magnitutes in agreement with atomic mass limits √(Mmin·Mpl)= √{(Mmin·√(h·c/G)}.
Microscopic quantities are revealed in connection with astronomical quantities. The relation √(h ·fpl^2 ·c / G) gives an amount of matter multiple
times the atomic limit of Mpl=√(h·c/G). The equation with the mean velocity value h·f0^2 / V0^2 can give the same amount ≈4.038056 ×10^35 kg/s and
then a maximum astronomical mass comes out without the maximum speed c. The maximum speed c and the shortest time to restore the energy balance
belong to the e/m phenomena with the minimum inertia (of photons) which are transferred to free space.
The relationship of the global space with the distribution of matter and astronomical bodies
The universal space is the surface of a superset which is not only externally present. The common quantity which appears
geometrically and externally as the absence of a world is not only characterized by its large dimensions and capacity for astronomical bodies. This
energy quantity also exists as a universal center in microscopic dimensions which is common to all structural elements. The nuclear force is
revealing of the power that the universal Whole has as a shared quantity of energy and internally in matter which are its oscillations at extremely
high rates. The shared amount of energy exhibits a strong restoring force when disturbed. The shared amount of energy is dynamically isolated within
the building blocks when the strong rebalancing force is reduced to an average value along with a perturbing force in the opposite direction. Thus
space is a shared quantity that is dynamically and wave-likely maintained like matter.
The building blocks and imaginary surface where the bodies gather exist where the nuclear force weakens enough. But the
universal space is not only their surface. It includes the common center of gravity of the entire astronomical world, and this center they detect as
a nuclear force. Space is free to astronomical bodies only on the curved surface of the imaginary sphere. The concentration of matter in
astronomical space is the removal and decentralization of energy from the shared quantity. A volume of free space is reserved and proportioned for
each amount of concentrated matter. The mass M from the concentration of energy in a body is proportional to a radius -R of a volume of space
through which energy is transferred at maximum speed. We have given the simple relationship and the numbers as they fit according to the physical
constants. (The average value a0 for the gravitational field at a -R radius appears to match the calculated distances for the astronomical bodies
and large subclusters). The shared quantity (from its distribution with the wave phenomena of concentration and decentralization) appears as bodies
and respectively as free space. (We explain from lesson 125 onwards the process by which space is dynamically maintained as intangible while at the
same time the shared energy is concentrated in the astronomical space as matter and in bodies).
1) The
version of the universe according to the Hubble's constant
Calculations with the astronomical constant H had not revealed the connection of astronomical limits to processes in the
structure of matter. Here, by interpreting matter and particles as oscillations of energy in a shared quantity - which exists as dynamic space - we
have successfully introduced minimum and maximum limits for physical processes in the structure of an atom. We could and saw that the astronomical
constant H is indeed associated with a velocity rate (6.809946 ×10^-10 m/s^2), which is close to an average rate and rates we calculated
based on the older physical constants (c,h,G).
Simple calculations with the astronomical constant H give a Universe with the smallest magnitudes of total time, radius
and mass. Below is a simplified exposition (≈) for the limits of the Universe according to the increasing speed given by the constant H. This
estimate according to the presented cosmological interpretation gives the smallest possible Universe:
The astronomical sizes >>>